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Carbon Capture: Capturing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) for storage or reuse.
Carbon capture is the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial processes or power generation facilities, so they can be stored or reused, instead of being released into the atmosphere.
Here are some solutions to carbon capture:
Pre-combustion capture
This involves capturing CO2 before it is released during the combustion of fossil fuels. This method involves gasification, which converts coal or natural gas into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The CO2 can then be separated from the hydrogen before combustion, and stored.
Post-combustion capture
This involves capturing CO2 after it has been produced during combustion. This method involves adding a chemical solvent to the exhaust gas, which absorbs the CO2. The solvent is then separated from the CO2, which can be stored or reused.
Oxy-fuel combustion
This method involves burning fossil fuels in pure oxygen instead of air, which produces a flue gas that is primarily composed of CO2 and water. The CO2 can then be separated from the water and stored.
Biological capture
This method involves using microorganisms to capture CO2. This is typically done through algae cultivation, where the algae consume CO2 and convert it into organic matter. The algae can then be harvested and used as a biofuel or fertilizer.
Carbon mineralization
This method involves reacting CO2 with naturally occurring minerals, such as magnesium and calcium, to form stable carbonates. These carbonates can be stored permanently in the earth's crust, providing a long-term solution for carbon storage.
Direct air capture
This involves capturing CO2 directly from the atmosphere using specialized technologies, such as adsorption, absorption, or membrane separation. The captured CO2 can then be stored or used for various industrial processes.
Conclusion
Each of these solutions to carbon capture has its advantages and limitations, and they can be used in combination to achieve the desired level of CO2 reduction
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